Endocrine Disorders Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Endocrine Disorders - Term Paper Example In some diseases abnormalities occur in the gland which cause irregularity in the secretion of these thyroid hormones. The most common abnormalities of thyroid gland are hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism means the excessive secretion of thyroid hormones from thyroid gland whereas Hypothyroidism is the decreased secretion of thyroid hormone from thyroid gland. ETIOLOGY Graves disease is an autoimmune disease whereas Myxedema is a disease caused by hypothyroidism. In autoimmune diseases our immune system produces antibodies against our own organs or organ system. In Graves disease our immune system produces antibodies against thyroid gland which increase the secretion of the thyroxine from thyroid gland. These antibodies are called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins bind to the receptor and imitate the action of thyroid stimulating hormone in releasing thyroxine from the thyroid gland. The effect of thyroid stimulating immuno globulin is excessive and causes increased production and secretion of thyroxine from the thyroid gland. Another type of immunoglobulin that is formed by our immune system against the thyroid gland also acts on the TSH receptors and stimulates the growth of thyroid gland excessively. These immunoglobulins are known as thyroid growth stimulating immunoglobulins (TGI). These antibodies are the primary cause because of which Graves Disease occurs in an individual. Myxedema on the other hand is a condition caused by hypothyroidism and not hyperthyroidism which is seen patients with Graves Disease. The reason for which edema occurs in hypothyroidism is not clearly known but it is said that the increased deposition of chondrioton sulphate and hyaluronic acid in interstitial spaces causes it. The causes of hypothyroidism that eventually lead to myxedema are autoimmune diseases, thyroiditis or surgically removed thyroid gland. In other words Myxedema is a condition caused by lack of thyroid hormones whereas Graves Disease itself leads to excess activity of the thyroid gland. Myxedema and Graves Disease are both concerned with the abnormality of the thyroid gland. SYMPTOMS The patients suffering from Graves disease show diffuse hyperplasia of thyroid, anxiety and tremor of hands. The patient also loses weight and suffers from muscle weakness. The patient will experience extreme fatigue but will be unable to sleep properly. The skin of the patient will be soft and warm. Intolerance to heat and extreme sweating are also seen in the patients suffering from Graves disease. Increased gastrointestinal tract motility also occurs which leads to mal-absorption of food and diarrhea. Exophthalmos is also seen in these patients which is the protrusion of eyeball. The patients with myxedema on the other hand show sluggishness in mental and physical activity. The patients suffering from myxedema show difficulty in speech and intolerance to cold. Sympathetic activity is decreased whi ch in turn decreases the gastrointestinal motility and sweating. The decreased gastrointestinal motility in turn causes constipation. Due to decreased sympathetic activity the blood flow in these patients is low and so the patients looks pale. These patients have coarse facial features and enlarged tongue. The voice becomes deep in myxedema. TREATMENT In Graves disease the

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques Essay

Managing Financial Principles and Techniques - Essay Example For this project the company has hired an international firm of management consultants who has forecasted the cost of production, selling price and profit per unit for mobile. They have also forecasted the demand for the new mobile in 5 year period down the line. The forecast made by them is as follows- Net Present value (NPV) is very common financial tool often used by the management to find out whether a new project will be beneficial in the future or not. NPV is the â€Å"difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows† (Investopedia. 2009). The major advantage of this tool is that it takes time value of money into account, thus the result arrived at are more accurate as compared to simple pay back value. But many people find if a bit complicated (Stoltz, A. & Viljoen, M. 2007). The company assumes that per unit fixed cost and interest per unit, both varies with the level of production. But other general costs like advertising expenditure and maintenance remain constant, irrespective to the level of production. As per the result derived from the analysis it is found that the NPV of the project is negative, hence the project should not be accepted. The company has an option that instead of setting the new production line, they can use the existing machine which is under utilized. As per the company’s policy the machinery has to be depreciated along straight line method, so next year the written down value will become zero. Thus in the second year company has to purchase a new machine which will cost  £500,000. Thus the NPV and the IRR of the project will be as follows- The NPV of the project comes positive which indicates that the project will have sufficient cash inflow and it will be profitable in the long term. Hence on the basis of NPV the project can be accepted. The IRR of the project is 35%; which is above the cost of capital (10%). So this clearly indicates that the project should be

Malungay Powder Essay Example for Free

Malungay Powder Essay Malunggay Powder, A Solution for Nutritional Diffeciencies I. Background of the study Health awareness is the prime investment, ingenuity is the investor’s joining effort, and wellness is the net gain. Most people think that adapting a healthy and well conditioned life is expensive and difficult to achieve. The significance is just how one resourcefully utilizes the cheap, the natural abundance of nature, and the untiring quest to alternatives and remedies. Malunggay is a kind of vegetables that is enrich with vitamins, minerals and amino acids that are needed for optimum health. The importance of this vegetable particularly its leaves serve as a food supplement, Malunggay touted as â€Å"All- around miracle tree or Nature’s medicine cabinet† contains a wide variety of nutrients in high amounts. This powderized form vegetable add nutrition to our deficient diet due to modern food preparation, lack of family food budget, and busy lifestyles that make it hard to prepare a healthy and balanced diet food. It acts as an inexpensive insurance against nutritional deficiencies. II. Significance of the Study This study will promote awareness on the relevance of serving vegetable meals, soup, bread, dessert, shakes, juices and mixes with Malunggay powder. It encourages households to plant Malunggay in their backyards for personal consumption. Furthermore, it supports the Department of Agriculture on their program of propagating vegetable garden e. g. Malunggay and other nutritional vegetables as a revenue-generating industry? under its biotechnology program where it currently enjoys wide array of Malunggay and other vegetable based products manufactured in the Philippines and being sold in local and international markets. Finally, it inspires people to study and research all the benefits of vegetables and other agricultural products. II. Scope and Limitations of the Study The study focused on the specifications of how to procure the major quality ingredients, the Malunggay leaves and conscientiously observe the proper preparation and storage of the produce product. It took a month to got the final result of the research work using the method of experimentation. As Malunggay leaves is readily cultivated in the backyard and easily harvested. The study undergo three (3) repeated experimentations to come up with the reliable and factual results. Firstly, the outcome of the Malunggay leaves harvested at noontime when the sun is intense. Secondly, the primary ingredient, malunggay leaves will be hang outside with moderate exposure to sunlight. And lastly, the recommended procedure wherein the malunggay leaves is harvested in early morning was followed closely to yield the desired result. III. Methodology In acquiring the study of Malunggay powder, constant research was done. Facts were gain from books and computer resources. The abundance of the said vegetables which most of the time left out wilted encouraged our curious mind, thus this investigatory and research was done. The accessibility and availability of this Malunggay vegetable inspired us, the Biology Group 1 of II- Zatti where an actual and continuous propagation was made to ensure freshness of harvest during the several process of experimentation. The materials used in this study were (1. ) 3 Bundle of Malunggay leaves (approximately 1 kilo) (2. ) clothes pin (3. ) mortar and pestle or blender (grinder) (4. ) Brown paper bag or empty box with wide opening (5. ) sealed container or ziplock The preparation or procedures of Malunggay powder were as follows

Faulners The Bear :: essays research papers

In many books, there are characters that are written into the story to show the strengths of the main character. In this case it is Ike who because of Boon we see as a main his weaknesses and his strengths. Ike is a young boy who has just come unto the age of a hunter. He’s first time at the camp we see that Ike is a strong young boy whose main fault is his youth. However we meat Boon in the beginning of the story and slowly through out the story we learn that Boon is not perfect and that he is related to Sam Fathers, who is Ike’s teacher. Ike like all main characters show some prevalence over the thing, which holds him back, the woods. Ike slowly becomes a great woodsmen and tracker. Boon is still a man verging on hunter but not one because he doesn’t have the ability to be patient and non-violent when he kills. Ike runs into the indestructible bear Old Ben two times in his growth towards manhood but never with the intention to kill him. So, Ike who Sam Fathers and maybe even Ike himself thought would kill the bear did not get to. Ike even though not able to kill the bear becomes an awesome tracker and a great woodsman. He says at one point in the book that he knows the woods better then Sam Fathers. Ike is slowly becoming not only a man but also a hunter. He loves the wilderness and has gone into the woods with nothing except his close and come back out fine, This is to prove though that even in his youth Ike is a great hunter and that it is his right to kill the bear and not anyone elses, however Faulner decided that Boon should kill the bear.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Boon ends up killing the bear that everyone thought was invincible with a knife which seems very much the way a real hunter would have done it, this shows that Boon in his own way is a hunter and not a straggler who just hangs around the camp for free drink. Since boon killed the bear, he becomes insane and once more becomes a pygmy as Faulkner says. Someone who is afraid of the woods and kills with the intent to kill not eat.

Different political tribes’ opinions about Islam in Malaysia

Malaysia is a multi-cultural multi-ethnic and multilingual society with Malay, Indian and Chinese being the major races in the population. There are also other indigenous tribal groups and Bahasa Malaysia is the country’s national language although such other dialects like Mandarin, English and Tamil are widely spoken especially in the commercial and business sectors.The country’s official religion is Islam; practiced by majority Malayans but other religions such as Buddhism, Hinduism and Christianity are also practiced (Verma 96). Malaysia is made up of two major regions that have been separated by South China Sea and consists of a federation of thirteen states and 3 federal territories. Although little interaction is notable, the communities are said to coexist in harmony regardless of their religious and cultural differences (Hussain).In Malaysia like in any other state that is predominantly Muslim it is hard to separate religion and state matters and much attention is paid to the manner in which Islam is represented in the socio-cultural and political spheres. It is no wonder then that in Malaysia, religion has become very much politicized while contentiousness marks the secular state (Lahoud 40, 43). In a multi-ethnic country that is on the modernization path like Malaysia the implications and reality of a government whose policies are rooted in Islam has begun to sink in the minds of most people.Such issues like Islamic state, freedom of religion, the hudoud law and freedom of expression have spilled out into the public arena as the two major Islamic political parties, the opposition PAS (Party Islam se-Malaysia) and ruling UMNO (United Malays National Organization) continue to struggle for political dominance in this nation. UMNO is the major political party and has dominated Malaysian politics for decades.After Prime Minister Abdullah Badawi came to power in 2003, there has been notable attempts to force Islamic values on non-Muslims and h is attempt to promote traditional Islam (Islam Hadari) has turned Islam into the integral part of all government policies (Esposito et al 94-103). The imposing of the Hijab on non-Muslim women in the police force and those working in restaurants, and the ban imposed on couples not to hold hands in public are clear indications of the way Malaysian government policies continue to affect the non-Muslim population.But PAS is opposed to Islam Hadhari and aims at establishing a state of Malaysia based on a theoretical approach of Islam as provided for in the Sunnah (way of the prophet and Quran) (Hussain). In view of the fact that Islam and Malay identity are so intertwined, there is a tough contest between the PAS and UMNO parties as they try to out-do each other on the political and religious arenas and win the role of Islam’s standard-bearer, and in such a way, the vote of the Malay constituents.UMNO has frequently been accused by PAS of failing to uphold Islam and its values wh ile UMNO accuses PAS of being fanatical and led by conservative traditionalists who pose a threat to the economic growth of the country. PAS goes on to criticize UMNO of practicing uneven development and in this way has managed to attract the appeal of the Malay Muslim. The PAS party has diverted its political propaganda from Malay nationalism and value of Islamic law and now stresses that is it’s committed to authentic Islam.The party leaders are using their position to transform social-cultural life among the Northern states governed by PAS (Esposito 94-103). Islamic institutions and mosques in opposition strongholds such as Selangor have been banned from any promotion of Islam Hadhari arguing that it is distorting the religion of Islam by including non-Muslims in its laws. PAS which is an opposition party goes on to argue that Islam Hadhari is leading to a loss of spiritualism in the Islamic religion and that Islam is being misused to promote economic development.Other opp osition parties like the people’s Justice Party (PJP) and Chinese dominated Leftist Democratic Party (CDP) have not opposed this ban. Various Muslim groups have also been debating over the role that Islam should play in Malaysian society, be it in relation to religious freedom in such a plural society, democracy or rights for minorities and women (Lahoud 40-43). In Malaysia, ethnic and religious diversity is prominent and certain religions are identified with certain ethnic groups for example Malays with the Islamic religion, and ethnic Chinese tribes with their traditional religions.The communalization of Islam by the Malays through their approach that ethical and religious interests are equal does not go well with non-Muslims who hold a view that Islam is to blame for underachievement in Malayan society (Verma 94). The Malaysian constitution defines all Malays as Muslim irrespective of their ethnic background and states that Islam should not be challenged either constitutio nally or conventionally. Introduction of religious discourse in national identification defining a Malayan as either Muslim or non-Muslim has not gone well with non-Muslims who view this move as discriminative.Although Islam puts emphasis on such principles as tolerance, peaceful co-existence, human brother-hood and respect for all, the Muslims in Malaysia like in any other Muslim dominated country seem to enjoy special rights and this status-quo is bound to continue until such a time that Islam gets modernized or reformed. Muslims in Malaysia have proved very reluctant to extend equal rights to the minority non-Muslim community and although other religious groups have been given freedom to practice their beliefs, this practice is limited and building of places of worship is sanctioned by the state.Demolition of some Chinese temples and several Hindu temples in 2004 and 2005 raised uproar within these communities leading to discontentment with the authorities. Worship places for Mus lims are also built from public funds while others are privately funded. The non-Muslim tax-payers are certainly not happy about this and view such a move as exploitation of the minority (Verma 94-103). Traditional Chinese’ view about Islam has however been more bent towards indifference rather than hostility.Ethnic Chinese are far above the Malays in the fields of trade, modern education and business and they find no good reason to show any interest in Islam because of its identification with inferior ethnic groups. The Malays on the other hand question the Islamic worth of ethnic Chinese cultural practices such as use of chopsticks for eating although this practice has been traditionally unacceptable to the Malays. Because of the attitude the Malay Muslims hold towards Chinese culture, the ethnic Chinese has got all the more convinced that Islam is not suitable for the Chinese people.Most of the Chinese oppose radical Islam because as they argue, it poses political oppositi on to Malaysia’s economic transformation. Non-Muslims and liberal Muslims accuse Islam of being intolerant to secularism and trying to interpret any issue on the basis of Islamic religion. They argue that Islam tends to be too rigid and fails to consider that social situations continue to evolve and change with time and that such interpretations as were used in ancient times re not compatible with the changing social situations (Esposito 92-107).In Malaysia, Muslims have all long enjoyed special religio-ethnic privileges at the expense of the Indians, Chinese and other indigenous communities that practice other religions. The non-Muslims are subjected to discrimination in the government-supported sectors such as education (scholarships, schools and universities) as well as in businesses and employment sectors. They are also subject to religious discrimination such as use of the Islamic Sharia laws to settle any religious disputes between the Muslims and non-Muslims, a practic e that is done in Islamic courts which remain inaccessible for non-Muslims.In the recent past, Shariah court rulings in marriage, conversion, child custody and divorce cases involving non-Muslim have also drawn much criticism from the non-Muslim community because the verdict is passed based on Islamic laws (Peletz 3-6, 12). But non-Muslims still continue to convert to Islam for marriage purposes and because they want to enjoy the special privileges accorded to the Muslims. A non-Muslim cannot be married to a Muslim unless the former converts to Islam first. But it is unfortunate that one cannot convert back to their original religion after a divorce because Islam gives no room for someone to desert the faith.They propagate that once a Muslim always a Muslim and those who have tried to change have only changed their belief but legally remain Muslim. In most cases in Malaysia conversion from Islam to another religion is not allowed especially for the ethnic Malay and such an offence w ill lead to a jail term or fine or in some cases both. Most public institutions are Muslim dominated and non-Muslims normally convert to Islam to be included in such institutions. The minority ethnic tribes of Malaysia also identify with Islam as the only means of being recognized by the state and benefiting from state programs (Esposito 92-96).Islam can be a blessing to all Malaysians if it is practiced the proper way. But the fact that the Muslims want to persuade the other communities into living an Islamic kind of life which according to the Muslims is the only acceptable way, has led to a lot of discontentment among the non-Muslims. Muslims forget that Islam is a religion and should not be forced upon others in a multi-racial country that advocates religious tolerance. It should therefore not determine the way of life of a different religious group or even determine the political system in such a multi-ethnic country like Malaysia.In a society where everyone pays tax irrespecti ve of their ethnic or religious background, it is most unfair that tax-payers money is only used to pay Islamic teachers and maintain Islamic institutions at the expense of others (Hussain). Views about Islam are also diverse among the Muslim believers and radical groups propagating for reform such as â€Å"Sisters in Islam† have become very strong in Malaysia. They are calling for more rights for women such as being allowed to learn and become judges in the countries judicial courts, and are also calling for an end to the outdated practice of polygamy.Such groups are fighting against religious radicalism that has been fighting to put the woman back to the confinement of the home in a society where formal education has been extended to every gender (Anwar). There is increased awareness that using Islam to design laws and public policies that will be used to govern private and public live in this country, will lead to a situation whereby it becomes very important to determine who is responsible for defining the role Islam plays in society.In Malaysia, women’s groups, political parties, NGOs, the Media and human rights organizations have began to engage in public debates on several such issues and the role that religion should play in political life. Most of these people feel that the state of Malaysia should be one in which there are equal rights for every citizen but not rights based on gender, ethnicity or religion (Hussain). Opinions about Islam in Malaysia therefore vary in different places depending on the ethnic and religious composition of the population and also depending on the political party that has its stronghold in a particular region.Different political parties, even those that are Islamist have had contrasting secular and Islamist stands. Such parties as DAP and PAS are extremely opposite in their view about Islamic law and practices where PAS takes a radical approach while DAP has a more secular approach. The struggle to attract t he Muslim vote that is going on between UMNO and PAS has however only led to a society where Islam is now more and more being used directly to define the way of life of the Muslims and indirectly that of the non-Muslims (Lahoud 40-43).

Gandy and the Ahimsa Philosophy Essay - 844 Words

One of the most famous leaders of a non-violent movement was Mohandas K. Gandhi. Most of Gandhi’s intellectual, social and political ethics and beliefs developed in the search of truth and non violence, or ahimsa, the opposite being himsa. Ahimsa is simply defined as to not injure, and himsa defined as to injure. Ahimsa is also referred to as nonviolence, according to many religions (Indian) it applies to all living beings including. â€Å"Ahimsa is a comprehensive principle. We are helpless mortals caught in the conflagration of himsa. The saying that life lives on life has a deep meaning in it. Man cannot for a moment live without consciously or unconsciously committing outward himsa. The very fact of his living – eating,†¦show more content†¦I held then that India could only achieve her complete emancipation only within and through the British Empire.† This creates an inner struggle with the belief in Satyagraha. Satyagraha can be understo od as the vast inner strength required to perform non-violent acts. Gandhi created the word Satyagraha in 1908 by means of a contest in the Indian Opinion, meaning â€Å"truth force† and refers to Gandhi’s non-violent campaigns in South Africa. This personal conflict was again tested in the Zulu Rebellion of 1906, which Gandhi discusses in chapter XXIV ‘The Zulu Rebellion.’ Although he had no grudge against the Zulu, â€Å"I believed that the British Empire existed for the welfare of the world. A genuine sense of loyalty prevented me from even wishing ill to the Empire† Once again, Gandhi mobilized the Indian people of South Africa to form an Indian Ambulance Corps. His struggles with participating in war, any war, were only bearable because he felt he was truly doing God’s good work. â€Å"The Zulu ‘Rebellion’ was full of new experiences and gave me much food for thought. The Boer War had not brought home to me the horro rs of war with anything like the vividness that the ‘rebellion’ did. This was no war but a man-hunt, not only in my opinion, but also in that of many Englishmen with whom I had occasion to talk. To hear every morning reports of the soldiers’ rifles

Crocker v Sundance Northwest Resorts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1485 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Did you like this example? Our precedent case: Case name: Crocker v Sundance Northwest Resorts Ltd._______ CanLii citation: 1988 CanLII 45 (SCC)________________________ Our precedent case has played an important role in the development of Canadian law; according to our textbook, it stands for the following principle (you may quote your textbook here): Duty of care Voluntary assumption of risk Contributory negligence Through our research we identified the following 2 cases where our precedent case was used by the Court to help determine the outcome. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Crocker v Sundance Northwest Resorts" essay for you Create order 1. Case name: Burton Canada Company v. Coady,____ CanLii citation: 2013 NSCA 95 (CanLII)__________________ 2. Case name: Hutchison v. Daredevil Park Inc.____________ CanLii citation: 2003 CanLII 25623 (ON SC)______________ Name of Case and Citation: Burton Canada Company v. Coady, 2013 NSCA 95 (CanLII) Type and Level of Case: Superior Court Facts: On February 16, 2008, Michael Coady, a 16-year-old boy, went to the Wentworth Valley Ski Resort, which was owned by Wentworth Limited (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Wentworthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ), to play snowboard. On that day, Burton Canada Company (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ) was promoting their snowboard with several trials and provided free energy drinks that contained a lot of caffeine. Burton provided waiver documents forall of the snowboarders. On that day, Coady and his friends presented their IDs and signed the waivers. After several trials in the regular ski hills, Coady wanted some challenges and he went to the hills for risk-taker. He fell because of the high speed and suffered a very serious neck fracture, and finally confined to a wheelchair. Issues: Was Michael Coady contributorily negligent? Were Burton and Wentworth negligent? Did Michael Coady voluntarily assume the risk? Legal Principles: Duty of care Voluntary assumption of risk Contributory negligence How the Court Applied the Principles: The court considered that Burton and Wentworth owned a duty of care to Coady. As an occupier, the company should warn snowboarders the inherent risks of snowboarding, particularly for a snowboarder who is under the age of 18. Also, some instructions should be given to the snowboarders when they want to try the unfamiliar high-end board. The court rejected Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defence of voluntary assumption of risk. As the snowboarding involves certain inherent risks, these dangers and hazards may result in serious personal injury or death. However, no signature was signed on Codayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s waiver by his parents or guardians, and the tragedy could be avoided if Burton insisted on parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signing. Burton asserted that Coady also had contributory negligence due to previously purchasing high-caffeine energy drinks. Nevertheless, the Judge pointed out the plaintiff was not affected by the drink and he did n ot take any particular energy drink before the accident. Judgment: Burton and Wentworth was responsible for half of the compensation ($24,000 in total). My thoughts: The court judged that Burton and Wentworth owned duty of cares to plaintiff, Coady. In my opinion, the Courtà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s analysis of this case is sound, since Burton and Wentworth should take responsibility of taking care of individuals as entertainment providers, especially for a boy who is under 18 years of age. I personally do not agree with the result. The outcome was morally and ethically inappropriate, even though Coady received the compensation, which can be treated as compensatory to the plaintiff. Nevertheless, this result may increase moral risk. For some individuals who want to get a great amount of money, they may sacrifice their physical health to earn the compensation. In consideration of risk management, for any outdoor activities, sponsors should present waiver and insist it sign ed by teenagersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ parents or guardians, as well as verify playersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ condition that not only include ages or IDs, but also contain alcohol drink or high-caffeine drink. Moreover, host ought to warn participants about the nature and potential danger of activities, which means companies also need to post signs to alarm players. Furthermore, sponsors should prepare protective equipments such as helmet and kneecap for customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ safety. Name of Case and Citation: Hutchison v. Daredevil Park Inc., 2003 CanLII 25623 (ON SC) Type and Level of Case: Superior Court Facts: The plaintiff, Mr. Hutchison went to Daredevil Park with his family and broke his ankle because of slip when he was entering the waterslide. Mr. Hutchison, who had no experience on sinuous waterslide before, got hurt at the third time of using the slide. There was an attendant who was responsible for the use of both serpentine slides and straight slides, but he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t provide Mr. Hutchison the relevant instructions. Issues: Did Daredevil Park owe a duty of care to Mr. Hutchison? If a duty existed, what standard of care was required and was the standard met? Did Mr. Hutchison voluntarily assume the risk? Did he have contributory negligence? Legal Principles: Duty of care Voluntary assumption of risk Contributory negligence How the Court Applied the Principle: According to the Occupiersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ Liability Act, Daredevil Park has the responsibility to ensure the safety of customers. However, in this case, when the plaintiff entered the waterslide, there was no instruction from the attendant, and no signage or other warning at the entrance. Moreover, the lack of handrails contributed to this accident. The court judged that there was no evidence to prove that Mr. Hutchison knew it was risky to use the slide, and as he already paid for the ticket, he had the legal right to enjoy the facilities safely in the park. Therefore, the voluntary assumption of risk is not applied in this case. Mr. Hutchison had no knowledge about how to use waterslides and he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ask the attendant for instruction, so he had a contributory responsibility for his damage. Judgment: Daredevil Park had primary liability for the accident, so it was responsible for 80 percent of Mr. Hutchisonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s injury. And Mr. Hutchison undertook 20 percent of all his damage due to contributory negligence. My thoughts: From my point of view, the outcome is legally appropriate because this kind of result for a public park that someone may get hurt is foreseeable (Just like in Crockerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, Sundance organised competition and provided drinks, so Crockerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s damage could be predictable). And as an occupier, it is the parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s duty to ensure customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ safety by all reasonable precautions. Nevertheless, different from Crockerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, Mr. Hutchison did not sign a waiver with the park, so he had no voluntary assumption of risk. I argue that the judgment is morally acceptable. As an adult with mature thought, Mr. Hutchison was supposed to ask for instruction as he had never entered waterslides before to avoid risk, so he ought to take partial responsibility for his injury. In terms of t he risk management for an organization, I believe it would be difficult for them to operate, especially in the public place since there are so many resources and labors are involved. Therefore, for Daredevil Park, it is important to train the employees as well as make enough and appropriate arrangement of employees. In addition, more signs and warnings should be built in those areas with potential risks. Comparison Both of the two cases we found used the principles in our precedent case, however, there are some differences about how they applied the principles as followed: Duty of care: In both of the two cases, Daredevil Park and Burton Company are occupiers so they have the responsibility to ensure the safety of their customers. In the Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, the objective reason of the accident is the deficiency of instruction and handrails for protecting the customers, and the lack of signage or other warning at the entrance. Similarly, in Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s case, the company had the responsibility to warn a snowboarder, particularly who is under the age of 18, about the inherent risks of snowboarding and how to use an unfamiliar board. Voluntary assumption of risk: In the Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, no waiver was signed by Mr. Hutchison, which means there was no evidence to prove that Mr. Hutchison knew it was risky to use the slide, so the voluntary assumption of risk is not applied. By contrast, in the other case, the so-called waiver agreement was signed by the plaintiff, which means the plaintiff voluntarily assumed the risk. Nevertheless, in this case, the equipment users required a contract signed by parents or guardians when the user is under age of 18, and no signature was signed by Coadyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s parents or guardians. Hence, the court rejected Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s defence of voluntary assumption of risk because if Burton insisted on parentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s signing, the tragedy may not happen. Contrib utory negligence: In the Parkà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, as an adult, Mr. Hutchison had no knowledge about how to use waterslides but he didnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t ask the attendant for instruction, so he had a contributory responsibility and undertook 20 percent of all his damage. However in Burtonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, Coady had no contributory negligence, because based on the judgment of court, it was too dangerous to let customers to try the barrel jib feature; also, it was not appropriate for the existence of such free high-energy drinks under the circumstances, so all his damage was undertaken by the company. 1